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GIS for Science
CONCLUSION
Ecosystems are dynamic communities, but despite their vigor, these entities are sensitive to change. Understanding potential changes and how they might affect ecosystems provides the ability to detect the negative and often detrimental effects of extreme events such as the record-shattering heat wave in late June 2021 in the US Pacific Northwest and western Canada, where temperatures reached 121° F in British Columbia, Canada, the highest temperature ever recorded in that country. Increasing knowledge of how ecosystems change under current conditions also helps us to model ecosystem and habitat changes under different climate scenarios. NASA’s new Earth System Observatory (ESO) will guide efforts related to climate change, disaster mitigation, fighting forest fires, and improving real-time agricultural processes. NASA remote sensing data, coupled with ground-based data, aids in our understanding impact to biological diversity.
NASA strives to advance open science data systems for the next generation of missions, data sources, and user needs. NASA promotes the full and open sharing of all data, metadata, documentation, models, images and research results, and the source code used to generate, manipulate, and analyze them. Open science is a collaborative culture enabled by technology that empowers the open sharing of data, information, and knowledge within the scientific community and the wider public to accelerate scientific research and understanding. Merely providing users with access to the data is insufficient. Shifts in technology have unlocked the potential to use NASA’s Earth science data in new ways. As stewards of these data, NASA is committed to guiding users in using these new paradigms.
† Chapter contributors:
Leah Schwizer, NASA Earth Science Data Systems GIS Team (EGIST); Cyndi Hall, NASA Earth Science Data Systems Community Coordinator; Madison Broddle, Joseph Koch, and Sanjana Paul, NASA Langley Research Center’s Atmospheric Science Data Center (ASDC); Binita KC, Jennifer Wei, and Allison Alcott, NASA Goddard Earth Science Data and Information Services Center (GES DISC); Desiray Wilson, NASA Langley Research Center’s My NASA Data Team; Jeremy Kirkendall, and Garrett Layne, NASA Applied Sciences Program, Disasters Program; Viral Shah, Julia Computing; Ranjan Anantharaman, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); Vincent Landau, Conservation Science Partners; Kimberly Hall, Melissa Clark, Aaron Jones, and Jim Platt, The Nature Conservancy; and Michele Thornton, NASA Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) Distributed Active Archive Center (DAAC).
General
NASA Earth Science Data Systems Program. “Data Pathfinders,” updated April 28, 2021.
NASA Earth Science Data Systems Program. “Data Toolkits,” updated October 21, 2020.
Section: Wildfire
NASA Atmospheric Science Data Center (ASDC) and NASA’s Applied Sciences Program. “Studying the 2019–2020 Australian Bushfires Using NASA Data” last modified May 2020.
NASAAppliedSciencesDisastersProgram.“ExaggeratedPlumeHeightApplication,” created January 16, 2020.
NASA Johnson Space Center Earth Science & Remote Sensing Unit and Applied Sciences Disasters Program. “ISS Imagery: Australia Fires,” created September 17, 2020.
NASA Earth Science Data and Information System (ESDIS) project. “Fire Information for Resource Management System,” accessed March 15, 2021.
NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies. “Global Fire WEather Database (GFWED),” last modified April 30, 2020.
NASA Missions: Fire and Smoke. “NASA Covers Wildfires Using Many Sources,” updated October 2, 2020.
NASA Global Climate Change: Vital Signs of the Planet. “A Drier Future Sets the Stage for More Wildfires,” published July 9, 2019.
NASA Earth. “NASA Study Finds a Connection Between Wildfires and Drought,” published January 9, 2017.
Section: Flooding and Drought
NASA Goddard Earth Sciences Data and Information Services Center (GES DISC) and ArcGIS DAAC collaboration. “Lake Victoria Rising Water Levels,” published December 9, 2020.
NASA Applied Sciences Disasters Program. “NASA Products for Hurricane Dorian 2019,” accessed March 15, 2021.
NASA GES DISC and ADC. “Cyclone Amphan,” last updated June 11, 2020.
My NASA Data. “Hurricanes as Heat Engines,” last modified November 10, 2020. Huffman, G.J., E.F. Stocker, D.T. Bolvin, E.J. Nelkin, and J. Tan. 2019. “GPM IMERG Final Precipitation L3 Half Hourly 0.1 degree x 0.1 degree V06”, Greenbelt, MD, Goddard Earth Sciences Data and Information Services Center (GES DISC). 10.5067/GPM/ IMERG/3B-HH/06.
McNally, A., K. Arsenault, S. Kumar, S. Shukla, P. Peterson, S. Wang, C. Funk, C.D. Peters-Lidard, and J.P. Verdin. 2017. “A Land Data Assimilation System for Sub- Saharan Africa Food and Water Security A Applications.” Sci Data 4, no. 1: 170012. https://doi.org/10.1038/sdata.2017.12. ISSN: 2052–4463.
McNally, A., NASA/GSFC/HSL. 2018. FLDAS “Noah Land Surface Model L4 Global Monthly Anomaly 0.1 x 0.1 degree (MERRA-2 and CHIRPS),” Greenbelt, Maryland, Goddard Earth Sciences Data and Information Services Center (GES DISC). Accessed November 25, 2020, 10.5067/GNKZZBAYDF4W.
NASA Global Climate Change: Vital Signs of the Planet. “Earth’s Freshwater Future: Extremes of Flood and Drought,” published June 13, 2019.
Section: Rising Heat/Temperature
My NASA Data. “Creation of Urban Heat Islands Story Map,” created July 10, 2019. “Vegetation Limits City Warming Effects.” NASA Earth Observatory, August 26.
Thornton, M.M., R. Shrestha, Y. Wei, P.E. Thornton, S. Kao, and B.E. Wilson. 2020. “Daymet: Daily Surface Weather Data on a 1-km Grid for North America, Version 4”. ORNL DAAC, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA. https://doi.org/10.3334/ ORNLDAAC/1840.
NASA Earth Observatory. “World of Change: Global Temperatures,” published January 29, 2020.
NASA Earth Observatory. “Global Warming,” published June 3, 2010.
NASA Global Climate Change: Vital Signs of the Planet. “The Effects of Climate Change,” Site last updated: April 5, 2021.
Xu, Hong. “Mapping Extreme Weather Zones for Birds,” published May 17, 2021.
Image credits
Carolina chikadee Image credit Jeremy Cohen via Flickr.com. Hennesey fire photo by Dripwoods via Flickr.com.