Page 39 - GIS for Science, Volume 3 Preview
P. 39

38. Bloch, C. and B. Klingbeil. 2015. “Anthropogenic Factors and Habitat Complexity Influence Biodiversity but Wave Exposure Drives Species Turnover of a Subtropical Rocky Inter‐tidal Metacommunity.” Marine Ecology, https://doi.org/10.1111/maec.12250.
39. Odum, W., E. Odum, and H.T. Odum. 1995. “Nature’s Pulsing Paradigm.” Estuaries 18, 547 (1995). https://doi.org/10.2307/1352375.
40. Odum, E. 1953. Fundamentals of Ecology. Philadelphia: W. B. Saunders Company, 383 pp.
41. Burel, T., J. Grall, G. Schaal, M. Le Duff, and E. Ar Gall. 2020. “Wave Height vs. Elevation Effect on Macroalgal Dominated Shores: An Intercommunity Study.” Journal of Applied Phycology, 32:2523– 2534.
42. Austin, A., J. Hansen, S. Donadi, and J. Eklf. 2017. “Relationships Between Aquatic Vegetation and Water Turbidity: A Field Survey Across Seasons and Spatial Scales.” PLoS ONE, 12(8): e)181419, DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0181419.
43. Shi, W., and M. Wang. 2010. “Characterization of Global Ocean Turbidity from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer Ocean Color Observations.” Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 115(C11). https://doi.org/10.1029/2010JC006160.
44. Bailey, R. 2009. Ecosystem Geography: From Ecoregions to Sites (2nd edition). Springer-Verlag, New Y0ork. 251 pp.
45. Sayre, R., D. Karagulle, C. Frye, T. Boucher, N. Wolff, S. Breyer, D. Wright, et al. 2020. “An Assessment of the Representation of Ecosystems in Global Protected Areas Using New Maps of World Climate Regions and World Ecosystems.” Global Ecology and Conservation, 21, e00860, ISSN 2351–9894 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gecco.2019.e00860.
46. Fick, S., and R. Hijmans. 2017. “WorldClim 2: New 1-km Spatial Resolution Climate Surfaces for Global Land Areas”. International Journal of Climatology, DOI:10.1002/joc.5086.
47. IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change). 2019. “2019 Refinement to the 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories.” Chapter 3—Consistent Representation of Lands, in Volume 4 – Agriculture, Forestry, and other Land Uses. https://www.ipcc-nggip.iges.or.jp/ public/2019rf/vol4.html.
48. Hartmann, J. and N. Moosdorf. 2012. “The New Global Lithological Map Database GLiM: A Representation of Rock Properties at the Earth Surface.” Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, 13(12)1-37, doi:10.1029/2012GC004370.
49. Moosdorf, N., S. Cohen, and C. von Hagke. 2018. “A Global Erodibility Index to Represent Sediment Production Potential of Different Rock Types.” Applied Geography, 101, 36–44.
50. Sayre, R., J. Dangermond, C. Frye, R. Vaughan, P. Aniello, S. Breyer, D. Cribbs, et al. 2014. A New Map of Global Ecological Land Units—An Ecophysiographic Stratification Approach. Washington, DC: Association of American Geographers. 46 pp.
51. Kruckeberg, A. 2002. Geology and Plant Life: The Effects of Landforms and Rock Types on Plants. University of Washington Press, Seattle, 362 pp.
52. Bartley, J., R. Buddemeier, and D. Bennett. 2001. “Coastline Complexity: A Parameter for Functional Classification of Coastal Environments.” Journal of Sea Research, 46(2):87–97. DOI:10.1016/S1385-1101(01)00073 – 9.
53. John, S., D. Brew, and R. Cottle. 2017. Coastal Ecology and Geomorphology. Pages 234–296 in Therivel, R. and G. Wood (eds.) Methods of Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (4th edition). Routledge, New York. 740 pp. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315626932.
54. Short, A. 2006. Australian Beach Systems—Nature and Distribution. Journal of Coastal Research, 22(1): 11–27. ISSN 0749-0208. DOI:10.2112/05A-0002.
55. Defeo, O., A. McLachlan, D. Schoeman, T. Schlacher, J. Dugan, A. Jones, M. Lastra, and F. Scapini. 2009. Threats to Sand Beach Ecosystems: A Review. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 81(1):1–12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2008.09.022.
Acknowledgments
The authors appreciate the helpful reviews of Virginia Burkett and Sara Zeigler of the U.S. Geological Survey. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.
56. Burkett, V.R. and M. Davidson (eds). 2012. Coastal Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability: A Technical Input to the 2012 National Climate Assessment. Cooperative Report to the 2013 National Climate Assessment, pp. 150.
57. Doran, K., J. Long, and J. Overbeck. 2015. “A Method for Determining Average Beach Slope and Beach Slope Variability for U.S. Sandy Coastlines.” U.S. Geological Survey Open File Report 2015–1053, 5 pp. http://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20151053.
58. Tozer, B., D. Sandwell, W. Smith, C. Olson, J. Beale, and P. Wessel. 2020. “Global Bathymetry and Topography at 15 Arc Sec: SRTM15+.” Earth and Space Science, 6(10): 1847–1864. https://doi. org/10.1029/2019EA000658.
59. Osadchiev, A. and P. Zavialov. 2019. “Structure and Dynamics of Plumes Generated by Small Rivers.”OnlinechapterinEstuariesandCoastalZones—DynamicsandResponsetoEnvironmental Changes, IntechOpen, 87843 DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.87843.
60. Yamazaki D., D. Ikeshima, J. Sosa, P.D. Bates, G.H. Allen, T.M. Pavelsky. 2019. “MERIT Hydro: A High-resolution Global Hydrography Map Based on Latest Topography Datasets.” Water Resources Research, 55: 5053–5073, doi: 10.1029/2019WR024873.
61. Garvine, R. 1982. “A Steady State Model for Buoyant Surface Plume Hydrodynamics in Coastal Waters,” Tellus, 34(3): 293–306, DOI: 10.3402/tellusa.v34i3.10813.
62. Silverman, B. 1986. Density Estimation for Statistics and Data Analysis. Chapman & Hall, New York. 175 pp. ISBN: 0412246201.
63. SPSS (Statistical Product and Service Solutions). 2001. The SPSS TwoStep Cluster Component: A Scalable Component Enabling More Efficient Customer Segmentation. SPSS White Paper and Technical Report TSCWP-0101. SPSS, Chicago.
64. Van der Maaten, L., and G. Hinton. 2008. “Visualizing Data Using t-SNE.” Journal of Machine Learning Research, 9(86): 2579–2605.
65. Sonnewald, M., S. Dutkiewicz, C. Hill and G. Forget. 2020. “Elucidating Ecological Complexity: Unsupervised Learning Determines Global Marine Eco-provinces.” Science Advances, 6(22): eaay4740 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aay4740. https://advances.sciencemag.org/content/6/22/eaay4740/tab-e-letters.
66. Norusis, M. 2008. SPSS 16.0 Guide to Data Analysis. Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey. ISBN 13: 9780136061366. 653 pp.
67. Thom, B., I. Eliot, M. Eliot, N. Harvey, D. Rissik, C. Sharples, A. Short, and C. Woodroffe. 2018. “National Sediment Compartment Framework for Australian Coastal Management.” Ocean and Coastal Management, 154: 103–120. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2018.01.00.
Photo credits
Horseshoe Bay Beach, Bermuda, courtesy of Photographs by Joules (photographsbyjoules.com).
Hic Sunt Dracones—Latin for Here Be Dragons, by Rare Book Division, The New York Public Library; Creative Commons CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain.
Malibu, California, using DJI Mavic Pro drone, by Jason Collin (jasoncollinphotography.com).
Portland Head, Maine, by Rapidfire. CC BY-SA 3.0.
Sentinel Island, India, by Jesse Allen, using NASA Earth Observatory image.
The CSIRO Sprightly research vessel, courtesy of CSIRO, Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported (CC BY 3.0) license [creativecommons.org].
Dover, England, by Immanuel Giel. CC BY-SA 3.0.
Jeju Island, South Korea, by Marcella Astrid. CC BY-SA 3.0.
Samoa, by the U.S. National Park Service (public domain)—National Park of American Samoa.
Asilomar State Beach, California, by docentjoyce. CC BY 2.0.
Hawaii island, NOAA. Photographer: Kevin Lino, NOAA/NMFS/PIFSC.
Geba River estuary, Guinea-Bissau, contains modified Copernicus Sentinel data [2018], processed by Pierre Markuse.
Earth’s Coastlines 27





















































   37   38   39   40   41